Stillbirth Rate and Some Predictors in a Tertiary Hospital in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria
Asian Journal of Pregnancy and Childbirth,
Page 262-272
Abstract
Aim: To determine stillbirth rate and identifiable predictors from a sample of deliveries in our setting.
Study Design: A retrospective analysis of a cross-sectional dataset.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa (FMCY), Bayelsa State, Nigeria using data collected between July 2020 and April 2021.
Methodology: A cross-sectional dataset of 584 births at the FMCY was analysed. Variables included in the data were women’s age, level of education, booking status, parity, number of fetuses, onset of labour, mode of delivery, urgency of CS, fetal maturity, fetal lie, fetal presentation, fetal sex, birth weight categories and stillbirth or live birth. Stillbirth was defined as a baby born at ≥ 28 completed weeks of gestation or weighing ≥ 1000 grams with no signs of life. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.
Results: Of the 584 births during the study period, 53 were stillbirths giving a prevalence of 9.1% and stillbirth rate of 90.8/1000 total births. Unbooked status conferred >4 times higher odd of stillbirth (AOR = 4.36; 95% CI = 2.13 – 8.93; pValue < 0.001) relative to a booked status. Relative to delivery by pre-labour caesarean section, odd of stillbirth was about 8.3 times and 15.9 times higher among women in spontaneous labour (AOR = 8.30; 95% CI = 2.27 – 30.36; pValue = 0.001) and women with induced labour (AOR = 15.91; 95% CI = 2.03 – 125.06; pValue = 0.009) respectively. Post-term gestation had 16 times significantly higher odd of stillbirth (AOR = 15.74; 95% CI = 1.35 – 183.91; pValue = 0.028) relative to term gestation.
Conclusion: This study establishes an unbooked status and post-term gestation as predictors of stillbirth in our setting. It also underscores the need to include the status of the fetus at presentation in labour (alive or IUFD) in data collection and analysis when studying the role of labour in incidence of stillbirth.
Keywords:
- Stillbirth rate
- predictors
- hospital study
- Nigeria
How to Cite
References
Available:https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10UN-IGME-2020-Stillbirth-Report-updated.pdf. Accessed September 04, 2023.
UNICEF, WHO, World Bank Group, United Nations. Stillbirth rate [Internet]. New York, NY: UNICEF; c2023.
Available: https://childmortality.org/data/Nigeria.
Accessed September 09, 2023.
WHO. Global strategy for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health data portal [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; c2023. Available:https://www.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing/global-strategy-data.
Accessed September 09, 2023.
WHO, UNICEF. Every Newborn: An action plan to end preventable deaths [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2014.
Available:https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241507448.
Accessed September 09, 2023.
WHO. The global health observatory [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; c2023
Available: https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/2444
Accessed September 09, 2023.
Okonofua FE, Ntoimo LFC, Ogu R, Galadanci H, Mohammed G, Adetoye D, et al. Prevalence and determinants of stillbirth in Nigerian referral hospitals: A multicentre study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):533.
DOI:10.1186/s12884-019-2682-z
Milton R, Modibbo FZ, Watkins WJ, Gillespie D, Alkali FI, Bello M, et al. Determinants of stillbirth from two observational studies investigating deliveries in Kano, Nigeria. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022;2:788157.
DOI:10.3389/fgwh.2021.788157
Bola R, Ujoh F, Lett R. Stillbirths among pregnant women in Otukpo Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria: A descriptive study. Niger Health J. 2022;21(3):123–134. Available:https://tnhjph.com/index.php/tnhj/article/view/528
Njoku CO, Emechebe CI, Eyong EM, Ukaga JT, Anachuna KC. Prevalence and risk factors for stillbirths in a tertiary hospital in Niger Delta area of Nigeria: a ten year review. Int J Med BiomedRes.2016;5(3):106-113.
Available:https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijmbr/article/view/150854
Esike CO, Nnamdi EB, Bonaventure AO, Adeniyi AJ. Unearthing the hidden tragedy: Stillbirths in Abakaliki, Nigeria – Prevalence and causes. Niger J Med. 2021;30(4):368-373.
DOI: 10.4103/NJM.NJM_31_21
Babah OA, Oluwole AA, Afolabi BB. Prevalence and Causes of Stillbirths at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria: A five year review. Nig Qt J Hosp Med. 2018;28(1): 56-61. Available:https://www.ajol.info/index.php/nqjhm/article/view/207177#.
Nwoga HO, Ajuba MO, Igweagu CP. Stillbirth in a tertiary health facility in Enugu state South-East Nigeria: A hidden tragedy. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2021;10(7):2584-2590.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212643
Oriji PC, Briggs DC, Ubom AE, Atemie G. A five-year review of perinatal and maternal outcomes and their predisposing socio-demographic factors in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria. Int J Adv Med. 2022;9(4):405-414.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20220777
Ezugwu EC, Eleje GU, Mba SG, Leonard A. The prevalence of stillbirths and the probable causes in low resource settings in south-east Nigeria. Int J Med Health Dev. 2022;27:52-57.
Suleiman BM, Ibrahim HM, Abdulkarim N. Determinants of stillbirths in katsina, Nigeria: A hospital-based study. Pediatr Rep. 2015;7(1):5615.
DOI:10.4081/pr.2015.5615
Inyang-Etoh EC, Abudu EK, Bassey US. Profile of stillbirth in a referral center in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. J Health Med Sci. 2019;2(4):567-574. Available:https://ssrn.com/abstract=3510845.
Omo‑Aghoja LO, Onohwakpor EA, Adeyinka AT, Omene JA. Incidence and determinants of stillbirth amongst parturients in two hospitals in Southern Nigeria. J Basic Clin Reprod Sci. 2014;3(1):15-21.
Available:https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jbcrs/article/view/114713
Bayelsa State [Internet]. Bayelsa, NG: Bayelsa State government; c2023.
Available: https://bayelsastate.gov.ng/
Accessed April 28, 2023.
Afolalu OO, Atekoja OE, Oyewumi ZO, Adeyeye SO, Jolayemi KI, Akingbade O. Perceived impact of coronavirus pandemic on uptake of healthcare services in South West Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2021;40:26.
DOI:10.11604/pamj.2021.40.26.28279
Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, Kalafat E, van der Meulen J, Gurol-Urganci I, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [published correction appears in Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(6):e758]. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(6):e759-e772.
DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00079-
Madhi SA, Briner C, Maswime S, Mose S, Mlandu P, Chawana R, et al. Causes of stillbirths among women from South Africa: a prospective, observational study. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(4):E503-E512.
DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30541-2
McClure EM, Saleem S, Goudar SS, Tikmani SS, Dhaded SM, Hwang K, et al. The causes of stillbirths in south Asia: Results from a prospective study in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe). Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10(7):E970-E977.
DOI:10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00180-2
Aminu M, Bar-Zeev S, White S, Mathai M, van den Broek N. Understanding cause of stillbirth: a prospective observational multi-country study from sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:470.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2626-7
Adewuyi EO, Khanal V, Zhao Y, David L, Bamidele OD, Auta A. Home childbirth among young mothers aged 15–24 years in Nigeria: A national population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e025494.
DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025494
Pattinson R, Kerber K, Buchmann E, Friberg IK, Belizan M, Lansky S, et al. Stillbirths: How can health systems deliver for mothers and babies?. Lancet. 2011;377(9777):1610-1623. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62306-9
Muglu J, Rather H, Arroyo-Manzano D, Bhattacharya S, Balchin I, Khalil A, et al. Risks of stillbirth and neonatal death with advancing gestation at term: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies of 15 million pregnancies. PLoS Med. 2019;16(7):e1002838. DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002838
-
Abstract View: 51 times
PDF Download: 13 times
